Yintoni iValve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo?
Ivalvu Yokunciphisa Uxinzelelo (i-PRV) sisixhobo sokhuseleko esizenzekelayo esenzelwe ukukhusela iinkqubo ezivaliweyo, izixhobo, kunye nemibhobho kumonakalo obangelwa luxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Iqulathe izipilingi ezilinganisiweyo kunye nezinto zolawulo lwe-hydraulic. Xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lufikelela kumda wevalvu omiselweyo, ivalvu iyasebenza ukukhulula uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.
Isebenza njani iValve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo?
Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga phantsi kwediski yevalvu ludlula amandla oxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo, idiski iyaphakama. Xa ivulwa, umphunga okhutshiweyo usebenza ngokuchasene neringi yesibambi sediski ngamandla okuphendula kweringi yokulungisa esezantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukuvulwa okugcweleyo ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko idiski inyuka ngakumbi, umphunga uchaphazela iringi yokulungisa ephezulu, uqondisa ukuhamba ngokuthe nkqo ezantsi. I-reactive thrust ephumayo ityhala idiski phezulu, igcina ukuphakama okwaneleyo kokuphakamisa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile loxinzelelo. Njengoko ii-pressure vents ziphuma, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luyehla kancinci kancinci. I-spring force emva koko yoyisa uxinzelelo lomphunga kunye ne-reactive thrust, ivala ivalvu ngokukhuselekileyo.
Umsebenzi weValve yoNcedo: Injongo ephambili kunye nokubaluleka
Umsebenzi oyintloko weValve yoNcedo loxinzelelo (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiValve yoKhuseleko) kukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenkqubo, ukukhusela ukuthembeka kwezixhobo. Ngokulawula uxinzelelo ngokuzimela, iiPRV zikhupha ulwelo xa kufikelelwe kuxinzelelo olubalulekileyo, zigcina uxinzelelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo, kuthintela ukungaphumeleli ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, kwaye kunciphisa ukuvuza okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo iyonke.
Ukubaluleka Okubalulekileyo KweeValvu Zokunciphisa Uxinzelelo
Ii-PRV zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ngaphandle kwazo, ukunyuka koxinzelelo okungaqhelekanga kwiinkqubo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunokubangela ukuqhuma kwemibhobho okubi kakhulu, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo, kunye neengozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko. Ukungaphumeleli okunjalo kukhokelela kwilahleko ezinkulu zemali kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko engenakulinganiswa. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ii-PRV, ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokutshintshwa kweeyunithi ezineziphene ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile.
Ivalvu Yokuncitshiswa Koxinzelelo Lokhuseleko: Amagama Asetyenzisiweyo kunye Nobubanzi
Ngokubanzi, "iValve yoKhuseleko" iquka iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkcazo zomthetho zichaza ukuba iivalvu ezifakwe ngqo kwiibhoyila zomphunga okanye kwiiveseli zoxinzelelo zeClass I - ezifuna isiqinisekiso somzimba olawulayo - zibizwa ngokungqongqo ngokuba ziiValve zoKhuseleko. Ezinye zihlala zihlelwa njengeeValve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye iiValve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Ivalvu yoKhuseleko vs. Ivalvu yoNcedo loxinzelelo: Umahluko oPhambili
Nangona zifana ngokwesakhiwo nangokusebenza kwazo (zombini zikhupha imidiya ngokuzenzekelayo xa uxinzelelo ludlula olubekiweyo), iiValve zoKhuseleko kunye neeValve zoNcedo loXinzelelo zahlukile ngokwe-ASME Boiler kunye neKhowudi yeVessel yoXinzelelo, iCandelo I:
Ivalvu yoKhuseleko: Ivalvu eqhutywa luxinzelelo enesenzo "sokuvula ngokukhawuleza". Isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwinkonzo yegesi okanye yomphunga.
Ivalvu Yokunceda (Ivalvu Yokunceda Uxinzelelo): Ivalvu eqhutywa luxinzelelo ivuleka ngokulinganayo njengoko uxinzelelo ludlula indawo ebekiweyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkonzo yolwelo (ulwelo).
Nangona ezi nkcazo zichaziwe, ukudideka kuyaqhubeka ngenxa yokudibana kokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa okutshintshiselanayo kwezinye iinkcukacha zezityalo, okuhlala kukhokelela kwimiba yokusebenza.
Imigaqo yoKhetho lweeValve zoNcedo loNcedo
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwevalvu oluchanekileyo kubalulekile kukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle:
1. Iibhoyila zomphunga:Ngokwesiqhelo sebenzisa iiValve zoKhuseleko eziVulekileyo, eziLiftiweyo ngeSpring-Loaded.
2. Inkonzo yolwelo:Ngokubanzi kufuneka iiValve zoKhuseleko eziLindelweyo zeSpring (iiValve zoNcedo).
3. Inkonzo yoMoya/yeGesi:Sebenzisa iiValvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ezivaliweyo nezigcweleyo.
4. IiTanki zeLPG (Endleleni/Ezitimeleni):Kufuneka iiValvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, eziphakanyisiwe ngokupheleleyo.
5. Iivenkile zeOyile:Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka iiValve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo eziqhutywa yiPilot.
6. Indlela yokudlula kwisikhululo samandla ombane esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu:Sebenzisa iiValve eziSebenza ngePilot ezinemisebenzi yokhuseleko kunye nolawulo edibeneyo.
7. Imfuneko yoVavanyo oluQhelekileyo:Iivalvu ezifuna uvavanyo lwesandla zifuna isixhobo sokuphakamisa. Oku kuvumela ukuphakanyiswa okungaphelelanga kwi-≥75% yoxinzelelo olusetwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza.
8. Inkonzo yoBushushu obuPhezulu (>300°C kwiivalvu ezivaliweyo, >350°C kwiivalvu ezivulekileyo):Kufuneka usebenzise iiValve ezinee-Heat Sinks/ii-Cooling Fins.
Imigangatho yeValve yoKhuseleko: IiNkqubo zeHlabathi
Imigangatho ephambili yolawulo ibandakanya:
JB/T 2203-1999 (eTshayina – Jikelele):
Umgangatho oqhelekileyo wasekhaya wobukhulu beevalvu zokhuseleko zasentwasahlobo. Kukho imida (ubuninzi be-DN200 kwi-full-lift, i-DN100 kwi-low-lift, i-DN65/DN125 engekho). Ukusebenza kushishino kudla ngokugqitha imida yobukhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DN250 low-lift, i-DN400 full-lift). Ubukhulu beflange obungaguquguqukiyo (umz., ii-DN150 variants) bufuna uhlaziyo lomgangatho ukuze kube nokutshintshiselana.
I-API 526 (US – Iivalvu Ezijijekileyo):
Isemgangathweni wezixhobo zamakhemikhali/zepetroli ezingenisiweyo. Igubungela i-DN25-DN200 (1″-8″), 2-42MPa, ubungakanani bomqala i-DT (9.5-146mm). Ngokwesayensi ichaza iinkcukacha ngobukhulu bomqala. Ifumana ukuthandwa eTshayina ngokusebenzisa indawo yorhwebo/yezixhobo. Ayikabi ngumgangatho wesizwe saseTshayina.
Iivalvu Ezisebenza NgeePiloti (Imodeli ka-Anderson Greenwood):
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla aphezulu, umahluko ophantsi wokusebenza, ukuvuza okuphantse kube zero, kunye nokungazivani noxinzelelo lomqolo (umz., imibhobho yegesi yendalo). Ayinazo imigangatho yaseTshayina ezinikeleyo; uninzi lwabavelisi lulandela uyilo luka-Anderson Greenwood. Imfuneko engxamisekileyo yemigangatho yasekhaya (umz., yi-HF General Machinery Research Institute).
Uthotho lwe-HT (I-Aerospace Research Institute 11th - China):
Inkqubo eyahlukileyo kuquka i-HTO (eqhelekileyo), i-HTB (i-balanced bellows), i-HTR (i-venting), i-HTN (ekhethekileyo), i-HTGS (umphunga ophefumulayo kakhulu), i-HTXY (ulwelo), i-HTXD (eqhutywa yi-pilot). I-HTXD yabelana ngobukhulu no-Anderson Greenwood; ezinye zahlukile kwimigangatho ye-API/JB. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana ngexesha lokukhetha.
Isiphelo
Iivalvu zokuNciphisa uxinzelelo zizinto ezisisiseko zokhuseleko ezithintela umonakalo wezixhobo nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo ngokulawula uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Indima yazo ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso ichaphazela ngqo imveliso kunye neziphumo zokhuseleko. Imibutho kufuneka ibeke phambili ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-PRV, ukufakelwa ngokuchanekileyo, iishedyuli zolondolozo ezingqongqo, kunye nokutshintshwa kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo okuthembekileyo, okukhuselekileyo, nokusebenzayo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-29-2025