Xa usebenza ngeevalvu zesango lemizi-mveliso, kuvela imigangatho emibini ngokuphindaphindiweyo:I-API 600kwayeI-ASME B16.34Azinakutshintshwa, kwaye ukukhetha engalunganga kunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu okanye nasekusileleni kwenkqubo.
Esi sikhokelo sikubonisa umahluko wolwakhiwo, iimeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo, kunye neengenelo kunye neengxaki zomgangatho ngamnye. Ekugqibeleni, uya kwazi ukuba uza kuchaza nini kanye kanyeIvalvu yesango le-API 600kwaye xaIvalvu yesango le-ASME B16.34lukhetho olukrelekrele ngakumbi.
Yintoni iValve yeSango le-API 600?
I-API 600 ngumgangatho wemveliso opapashwe yi-American Petroleum Institute. Isihloko sayo esipheleleyo ngu *Iivalvu zeSango leNsimbi – Iziphelo zokuwelda ezineFlanged kunye nezinqe, iiBonets ezineBolti*. Yakhutshwa okokuqala ngo-1949, yenzelwe ngokukodwa inkonzo enzima kwizityalo zokucocwa kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo.
Lo mgangatho ugubungela iindidi zoxinzelelo ukusuka kwiKlasi ye-150 ukuya kwiKlasi yama-2500 kunye nobukhulu ukusuka kwi-NPS yesi-2 ukuya kwi-NPS yama-48. Uchaza iimfuno zobugcisa ezingaphezu kwama-20, kubandakanya izixhobo, ubukhulu bodonga, ububanzi besiqu, ukusebenza kokutywina, ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo. Uhlelo lwamva nje (API STD 600:2021) luqinisa imfuneko yoyilo olupheleleyo, ubukhulu bodonga obunzima, kunye neziqu ezinkulu zobubanzi.
Yintoni iValve yeSango le-ASME B16.34?
I-ASME B16.34 ngumgangatho osisiseko wevalvu ophuhliswe yi-American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Isebenza kwiivalvu ezijijekileyo, ezinemisonto, kunye neze-welding zazo zonke iintlobo eziqhelekileyo - isango, iglobhu, itshekhi, ibhola, kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-API 600, egubungela kuphela iivalvu zesango, i-ASME B16.34 inika ukulinganiswa kobushushu boxinzelelo, amaqela ezinto (ezingama-49 zizonke), iifomyula zobukhulu bodonga, imithetho yokumakisha, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo. Iqala kwiKlasi ye-150 ukuya kwiKlasi ye-4500, kwaye isebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi--29°C ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-500°C, kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo.
Umahluko kwiSakhiwo phakathi kwe-API 600 kunye ne-ASME B16.34 Gate Valves
Le migangatho mibini ifana xa uyijonga okokuqala, kodwa uyilo lwayo lwangaphakathi lwahluke kakhulu.
Ubukhulu bodonga
I-ASME B16.34 icacisaubuncinciubukhulu bodonga obufunekayo ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo olukhuselekileyo. Oku kugcina iivalvu zilula kwaye zingabizi kakhulu.
Iimfuno ze-API 600ubukhulu bodonga obongezelelweyo– ngesiqhelo malunga nama-20% ngaphezulu – oku kusebenza njengesibonelelo sokugqwala esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Loo ntsimbi eyongezelelweyo yandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo zokucocwa kwezinto ezikhukulisayo.
Uyilo lweSicu
I-API 600 ifunaisiqu esiqinileyo nesiqinileyoenobubanzi obukhulu kunemigangatho eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthintela ukugoba phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye xa i-wedge inamathela ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu okanye ukungcola.
I-ASME B16.34 ayinyanzelisi ukuba isiqu siqine; abavelisi banokukhetha uyilo oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi ukuba usetyenziso luyavuma.
Uqhagamshelo lweBonnet
Iivalvu zesango ze-API 600 phantse zihlala zisebenzisa ibhonethi enebholiti okanye ibhonethi yokutywina uxinzelelo. Uhlobo lokutywina uxinzelelo luya luqina njengoko uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lunyuka - lufanelekile kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-ASME B16.34 ishiya uhlobo lwebhonethi luvulekile, nto leyo enika abayili inkululeko engakumbi.
Uhlobo lokutywina
I-API 600 ifunaisitywino sesinyithi ukuya kwisinyithiene-hardfacing (umz., iStellite) esihlalweni nakwi-wedge. Oku kusingatha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ne-media egcwele amasuntswana.
I-ASME B16.34 ivumela izitywino ezithambileyo okanye izitywino zesinyithi, kuxhomekeke kuyilo lomenzi.
Uhlobo lweWedge kunye nobukhulu beBore
Iivalvu zesango ze-API 600 phantse zihlala zinjaloegcwele ngokupheleleyo(i-full port) ukunciphisa ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi nokuthintela ukuqokelelana kwenkunkuma. I-wedge idla ngokuba yi-wedge eqinileyo okanye eguquguqukayo.
I-ASME B16.34 ivumela uyilo lwe-bore oluncitshisiweyo logama nje indawo encinci yokuhamba kwamanzi ihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko.
Ubunzima obupheleleyo
Ngenxa yodonga olunzima, isiqu esikhulu, kunye nebhonethi eqinileyo,Ivalvu yesango le-API 600ubunzima obumalunga nama-20% ngaphezulu kunobunzimaIvalvu yesango le-ASME B16.34yobukhulu obufanayo kunye nodidi loxinzelelo. Loo mahluko wobunzima ngumphumo othe ngqo wefilosofi ezahlukeneyo zoyilo.
Iimeko Zokusebenza – Apho Umgangatho Ngamnye Ugqwesa Khona
Inkonzo eqhelekileyo yeeValve zeSango ze-API 600
Uza kufumana iivalvu zesango ze-API 600 kwiinkonzo zoshishino eziqinileyo:
- Iindawo zokucoca ioyile– ii-catalytic cracking, i-hydrocracking, kunye neeyunithi ze-coker apho i-media ine-sulfur, ii-hydrocarbons ezishushu kakhulu, okanye ii-catalyst fines.
- Iinkqubo zomphunga oxinzelelo oluphezulu– ngaphezulu kwe-5 MPa (malunga ne-725 psi), njengeentambo eziphambili zomphunga kwizikhululo zamandla.
- Ukuhamba okugcwele izinto eziqinileyo kubushushu obuphezulu– ulwelo oluthwala amasuntswana e-coke okanye uthuli lwe-catalyst.
- Iindawo ezisengozini yomlilo– isihlalo sesinyithi sinika ukhuseleko lomlilo oluqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo.
Inkonzo eqhelekileyo yeeValve zeSango ze-ASME B16.34
Iivalvu zesango ze-ASME B16.34 zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi:
- Unyango lwamanzi kunye ne-HVAC– ucinezelo oluphantsi, imidiya ecocekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiKlasi 600 kunye ne-425°C.
- Imigca yenkqubo yeekhemikhali– kukho iindlela ezininzi zezinto ezikhoyo, kodwa ngaphandle kwemida yokhuseleko eyongezelelweyo ye-API 600.
- Iinkqubo ezincedisayo zesityalo samandla– amanzi abandayo, ioyile yokuthambisa, kunye nomphunga ophantsi koxinzelelo.
- Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi okuqhelekileyo– apho kungekho monakalo mkhulu okanye ingozi yomlilo.
Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi
Ivalvu yeSango le-API 600 – Iingenelo
| Inzuzo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ukuthembeka okukhulu kwinkonzo enzima | Yenzelwe iKlasi ye-150 ukuya kwiKlasi yama-2500 kunye neemfuno ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezinzima |
| Utywino oluhle kakhulu | Izibambo zezihlalo zesinyithi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu; ukupakisha okuncinci kokukhupha umbane kuyafumaneka |
| Ukhuseleko lomlilo oluqhelekileyo | Akukho mfuneko yovavanyo olongezelelweyo kwinkonzo enokutsha |
| Amandla aphezulu olwakhiwo | Iindonga ezixineneyo, isiqu esikhulu, kunye nebhonethi eqinileyo ziyamelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa |
| Ubomi benkonzo ende | Ubukhulu bodonga olongezelelekileyo kunye nophahla oluqinileyo kumelana nokugqwala kunye nokukhukuliseka |
Ivalvu yeSango le-API 600 – Iingxaki
| Ububi | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Inzima kwaye inkulu | Ubunzima obuyi-~20% kunevalvu ye-ASME B16.34 efanayo, efuna inkxaso yepayipi eqinileyo kunye nendawo engakumbi |
| Ixabiso eliphezulu | Izixhobo ezingakumbi, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo, kunye novavanyo oluqatha |
| Ukusebenza kancinci | Iivalvu zesango zijikajika amaxesha amaninzi ukuze zivuleke okanye zivalwe ngokupheleleyo |
| Umngcipheko wokugutywa kwezihlalo | I-wedge iyatyibilika kwizihlalo ngexesha lokubetha, nto leyo enokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwezinye iinkonzo |
| Ayiyonto yokucinezela | Ukuvulwa okuncinci konakalisa isihlalo kwaye kuqhekeze ngokukhawuleza |
| Kufuneka i-torque ephezulu | Umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo ufuna ii-actuators ezinamandla |
Ivalvu yeSango le-ASME B16.34 - Iingenelo
| Inzuzo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi | Igubungela isango, iglobhu, itshekhi, ibhola, ibhabhathane - naliphi na iqela lezinto ezibonakalayo |
| Isemgangathweni ophezulu | Iitafile zobushushu boxinzelelo zenza ukukhetha kube lula kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba kuyatshintshana |
| Ukuguquguquka koyilo | Akukho sitywino sesinyithi esinyanzelisiweyo okanye isiqu esiqinileyo - umenzi angenza ngcono |
| Ixabiso eliphantsi | Ubuncinci bobukhulu bodonga bugcina izinto kunye noomatshini bokulungisa |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo | Isebenza kwi-oyile negesi, umbane, iikhemikhali, amanzi, kunye noshishino ngokubanzi |
Ivalvu yeSango le-ASME B16.34 – Iingxaki
| Ububi | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ixabiso elincinci lenkonzo enzima | Udonga oluncinci aluniki sibonelelo esongezelelweyo sokugqwala okanye ukukhukuliseka |
| Akukho ziphuculo ezithile kushishino | Ayinazo iimvavanyo ezithile zefektri yokuhluza (umz., ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuphantsi) |
| Ayikhuselekanga emlilweni ngokuzenzekelayo | Kufuneka u-odole ngokucacileyo uyilo olukhuselekileyo emlilweni ukuba kuyimfuneko |
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ngokukhawuleza – API 600 vs ASME B16.34
| Uphawu | Ivalvu yeSango le-API 600 | Ivalvu yeSango le-ASME B16.34 |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo | Ishishini elithile (ioyile negesi) | Umgangatho osisiseko ngokubanzi |
| Iintlobo zeevalvu ezigutyungelweyo | Iivalvu zesango le-flanged/butt kuphela | Zonke iintlobo zeevalvu eziqhelekileyo |
| Uluhlu loxinzelelo | Iklasi ye-150 - 2500 | Iklasi ye-150 - 4500 |
| Uluhlu lobungakanani | I-NPS 2 - 48 | Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwevalvu |
| Ubukhulu bodonga | Inzima (enemvume yokugqwala) | Ubuncinci (obusekelwe kuxinzelelo) |
| Uhlobo lwesitywino | Isinyithi esinyanzelekileyo ukuya kwisinyithi | Ethambileyo okanye yesinyithi (ukhetho) |
| Uyilo lwesiqu | Iqinile, ububanzi obukhulu | Ingangabi lukhuni |
| Ibhore | I-bore epheleleyo kuphela | Umgodi oncitshisiweyo uvumelekile |
| Ukhuseleko lomlilo | Isihlalo sesinyithi (isihlalo sesinyithi) | Ayifuneki |
| Izicelo eziqhelekileyo | Iindawo zokucoca, umphunga oxinezelekileyo, izinto eziqinileyo ezishushu kakhulu | Amanzi, i-HVAC, iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo, umphunga ophantsi koxinzelelo |
Indlela yokukhetha phakathi kwe-API 600 kunye ne-ASME B16.34 Gate Valves
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda okoI-API 600 yakhiwe phezu kwe-ASME B16.34Ivalvu yesango le-API 600 kufuneka ihlangabezane novavanyo lobushushu boxinzelelo lwe-ASME B16.34. Ngamanye amazwi, i-API 600 yi **inguqulelo eqinisiweyo** ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima.
Khetha i-API 600 xa:
- Le mithombo iqulethe i-sulfur, i-hydrogen, ii-catalyst fines, okanye ii-coke particles.
- Uxinzelelo lomphunga ludlula i-5 MPa (≈725 psi).
- Ivalvu ikwindawo enomngcipheko womlilo kwaye ufuna ukhuseleko lomlilo oluqhelekileyo.
- Umbhobho unemijikelo yobushushu okanye ukungcangcazela rhoqo - isiqu esiqinileyo kunye nodonga olunzima luyamelana nokudinwa.
Khetha i-ASME B16.34 xa:
- Isixhobo sokushicilela ngamanzi acocekileyo, umoya, igesi engasebenziyo, okanye ioyile ekhaphukhaphu.
- Udidi loxinzelelo ludidi lwe-150 okanye lwe-300 olungenamhlwa.
- Le nkqubo yi-HVAC, amanzi ombane, okanye amanzi omlilo.
- Udinga ivalvu engeyoyango (iglobhu, itshekhi, ibhola) – ngoko ke i-ASME B16.34 yeyona siseko sakho.
Ityala elikhethekileyo – ishishini lamandla:Iivalvu zamandla ezixinezelekileyo zihlala zifuna zombini i-API 600 kunye ne-ASME B16.34, kunye nemigangatho eyongezelelweyo efana ne-ASME B16.34 Class 4500 okanye i-MSS SP‑144 kwinkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu nobushushu obuphezulu.
Iingcinga Zokugqibela
I-API 600kwayeI-ASME B16.34abakhuphisani – basebenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. I-ASME B16.34 ibonelelaumgangathouyilo olukhuselekileyo lweevalvu kuzo zonke iimboni. I-API 600 yongeza i-isilingi esinzimakwicandelo leoyile, igesi, kunye ne-petrochemical.
Ukuba uchaza ivalvu yesango eqhelekileyo ye-hydrotreater yefektri yokucoca okanye umgca ophambili womphunga, sebenzisa i-API 600. Ubunzima obongezelelweyo kunye neendleko zihlawula ukuthembeka nokhuseleko.
Ukuba ufuna ivalvu yesango esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yomgca wamanzi okupholisa okanye umphunga ophantsi koxinzelelo, i-ASME B16.34 yanele ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.
Ukuqonda olu lwalamano kukunceda uphephe ukucacisa ngokugqithisileyo (ukuchitha imali) okanye ukungacacisi ngokupheleleyo (ukuba sengozini yokungaphumeleli).
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Iireferensi (zokuqinisekisa umfundi – imithombo yokuqala iyacetyiswa)
- API Std 600:2021 – Iivalvu zeSango leNsimbi
- ASME B16.34-2020 – Iivalvu – Isiphelo EsineFlanged, Esinemisonto, NesokuWelding
- Iindlela ezilungileyo zoshishino ezivela kubavelisi abakhulu beevalvu kunye nezikhokelo zobunjineli
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-27-2026