Ukuqonda iziseko zeSihlalo seValve yeBhola
Iivalvu zebholazizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulawula ulwelo ezenzelwe ukuvula okanye ukuvala iipaseji zolwelo ngaphakathi kwemibhobho. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili uxhomekeke kwibhola ejikelezayo enembobo. I-torque esetyenziswa ngesiqu (ngesiqhelo ukujika kwama-90 degrees) iqhuba olu jikelezo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhamba okanye ukuvalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kokutywina kuxhomekeka kakhulu kuyilo lwesihlalo sevalvu.
Uyilo lwezihlalo luwela kwiindidi ezimbini ngokusekwe kwintshukumo yebhola:
1. Isihlalo Esizinzileyo EsineBhola Edadayo:Uxinzelelo lolwelo lususa ibhola ezantsi komlambo, luyinyanzela ngokuqinileyo kwisihlalo esisezantsi komlambo, nto leyo eyenza uphawu oluya kwicala elinye.
2. Isihlalo Esidadayo EsineBhola Engaguqukiyo:Ibhola ihlala imile. Uxinzelelo lokutywina lwenziwa zizipringi okanye uxinzelelo lolwelo olutyhala isihlalo (izitulo) nxamnye nebhola ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxinzelelo oluthile lokutywina olufunekayo.
Izihlalo zeValve zeBhola yeSitulo esithambileyo
Izihlalo ezithambileyo zisebenzisa izinto ze-elastomeric okanye ze-polymeric ukuze zivale kakuhle, zibonelela ngokucinywa okugqwesileyo kodwa zinomda wobushushu/uxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi.
1. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo
Izitulo ezithambileyo eziqhelekileyo (Umzobo 1) ziqinisekisa ukutywinwa ngokusebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwe-elastoplastic kwezinto zesihlalo xa zicinezelwe kwibhola ngoxinzelelo lwangaphambi kokulayisha okanye ulwelo. Ukutywinwa okusebenzayo kuxhomekeke kubuchule bezixhobo zesihlalo bokubuyisela ukuphambuka kwebhola kunye nokungalungelelani komphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo. Ukugcina uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokutywinwa phakathi kwesihlalo nebhola kubaluleke kakhulu.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Elastic
Izihlalo ezithambileyo (Umzobo 2) zifaka izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana neekheji zentwasahlobo zesinyithi okanye iintwasahlobo zekhoyili. Ezi zinto zivumela isihlalo ukuba sijike sibe yi-elastiki phantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphambi komthwalo okanye ulwelo. Olu yilo luhlawulela ngokufanelekileyo iimpembelelo zokutywinwa okubangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu, utshintsho loxinzelelo, kunye nokuguguleka.
(a) Uhlobo lweBevel enye
(b) Uhlobo lweMigca emibini yeBevel ephindwe kabini
(c) Uhlobo lokuzitywina oluzi-V-Line
(d) Uhlobo oluKhethekileyo
3. Uhlobo oluhlanganiswe eNtwasahlobo
Umgaqo oyintloko (Umzobo 3) ubandakanya ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kweseti yeesprings zoxinzelelo ezijikeleze umjikelo wetshaneli yevalvu, okanye ukusebenzisa isprings yediski enye. Olu lungiselelo lubonelela ngokutyhala okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isihlalo sigcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo nxamnye nebhola ukuze kube nokutywinwa okuthembekileyo komthwalo wangaphambi kokulayisha.
(a) Uhlobo lwentwasahlobo yoxinzelelo
(b) Uhlobo lweDiski Spring
4. Isihlalo sohlobo lwePiston
Izitulo zepiston (Umzobo 4) zisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi lokungena ukuvelisa amandla okuvala. Olu xinzelelo lutyhala isihlalo esifana nepiston nxamnye nebhola, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-elastoplastic deformation kwiringi yokuvala ivaleke ngci.
(a) Isihlalo seBloko kunye neCoped (Ibhloko ephindwe kabini kunye neCoped – DBB):Inoyilo olukhethekileyo lokhuseleko. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-cavity ludlula uxinzelelo olusezantsi, amandla angaphandle ayoyisa ukumelana ne-spring, ahlukanise isihlalo nebhola. Oku kuvumela uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwi-cavity ukuba lukhuphe umoya ongezantsi. Izipringi emva koko zibuyisela ivalvu xa uxinzelelo lulinganiswa.
(b) Isihlalo sokuhamba kabini:Isebenza xa uxinzelelo lwe-cavity ludlula uxinzelelo lwe-outlet. Amandla oxinzelelo lwesihlalo abangela ukuguqulwa kwe-elastoplastic kwiringi yesitywini. Olu yilo lubonelela ngembuyekezo ezenzekelayo; ukuba isitywini esingentla siyasilela, isihlalo esisezantsi siyabandakanyeka ngoko nangoko.
(c) Isihlalo sokutywina esineZiteji ezimbini:Yenzelwe imithwalo ephezulu yokutywina. Idibanisa irabha (ukutywina okuphambili) kunye neplastiki (inkxaso kunye nokutywina okwesibini) kwisakhiwo esidibeneyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kunye nobude bexesha.
5. Izitulo zeSakhiwo esiKhethekileyo
Olu didi luquka uyilo olwahlukileyo olulungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile kunye neemeko:
(a) Isihlalo Esilungisekayo Ngaphakathi/Ngaphandle
(b) Isihlalo seBellows
(c) Isihlalo sokujova ngegrisi
(d) Isihlalo Esisebenza Kabini
(e) Isihlalo esiDibeneyo
• Isihlalo Esilungisekayo Ngaphakathi:Isebenzisa i-nut yokulungisa yangaphakathi ukulawula ukutywina uxinzelelo oluthile phakathi kwesihlalo kunye nebhola, inika ithuba lokungabikho kwamanqaku okuvuza angaphandle.
• Isihlalo Esilungisekayo Ngaphandle:Isebenzisa iplagi yangaphandle yesikrufu ukucinezela i-wedge, isusa isingxobo se-telescoping ukuze ilungise uxinzelelo oluthile lokutywina ukusuka kwisihlalo ukuya kwibhola.
• Isihlalo seBellows:Ngokwesiqhelo idityaniswa (i-electron beam okanye i-TIG) kwisitulo nakwisilingi sesikhokelo. Uyilo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba iziko lokutywina isihlalo lincinci kunobubanzi obuphakathi be-bellows. Ibonelela ngokutywina okuthembekileyo, uluhlu olukhulu lokubuyisela i-elastic, kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-3D.
• Isihlalo Sokufaka I-Grease Injection:Ijolise ekuphuculeni ukuvalwa, ukunciphisa ukungqubana/ukuguga, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo, kunye nokuthintela ukonakala kwezihlalo/iziganeko zomlilo. Inendawo yokufaka igrisi.Qaphela: Inaliti yegrisi ikakhulu iluncedo kwaye ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu.
Isihlalo Esisebenza Kabini: Xa igumbi 'N' lifumana uxinzelelo lolawulo, isihlalo sicinezela ibhola ukuze livalwe. Xa igumbi 'M' lifumana uxinzelelo kwaye umoya 'N' uphuma, isihlalo siyarhoxa, sinciphise ukudibana, ukuguguleka, ukungqubana, kunye ne-torque yokusebenza. Ifanelekile kwiivalvu zebhola ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu/oluphakathi, ezinobubanzi obukhulu.
• Isihlalo Esidibeneyo:Idibanisa isihlalo esihlanganiswe ngentwasahlobo (isitywina esiyintloko) kunye nesihlalo sohlobo lwepiston (esibonelela ngokutywinwa okuncedisayo xa kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo lolawulo).
Izihlalo zeValve zeSitulo seMetal
Izitulo zeValve zeSeal yeMetal zisebenzisa isinyithi okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukuze zikwazi ukufudumala kakuhle, uxinzelelo, ukukrala, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, zihlala zinezinga eliphezulu lokuvuza kunezitywini ezithambileyo kodwa zibalulekile kwinkonzo enzima.
1. Isihlalo seSinyithi esiSeko
Yenziwe ngokufaka umaleko we-alloy eqinileyo (umz., iStellite, iTungsten Carbide) kwi-substrate yesinyithi ngokuwelda (Umzobo 6). Ifaka isihlalo somsila esithambileyo ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubana kunye nomonakalo kwiindawo zokuvala ngexesha lokusebenza.
2. Isihlalo sesiTywina esineeLeya ezininzi
Yakhiwe ngokubeka amashiti entsimbi engagqwaliyo amaninzi kunye namaphepha egrafayithi abhityileyo, emva koko uwagoqe phantsi kokulungiswa okukhethekileyo (Umzobo 7). Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo senza umsebenzi ogqwesileyo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.
3. Isihlalo seTywina yeThubhu engenanto
Ibonisa iibhushi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezine-stainless steel tube core (Umfanekiso 8). Ukutywina kuxhomekeke kumandla e-elastic aveliswa kukuguqulwa kwe-hollow tube ukuze kucinezelwe isihlalo ngokuqinileyo kwibhola.
4. Isihlalo esijikelezayo
Uyilo olwahlukileyo (Umzobo 9) apho isihlalo sijikeleza khona i-channel axis ngexesha lokusebenza kwevalvu. Amazinyo abekwe ngokulinganayo kumjikelezo wesihlalo abangela ukuba isihlalo sijikeleze kancinci kancinci (ngezinyo elinye) ngalo lonke ixesha ibhola ivala. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuguguleka okulinganayo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
OkubalulekileyoIzixhobo zeSihlalo seValve
Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zePolymer
Ibonelela ngokutywina okugqwesileyo, ukungqubana okuphantsi, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwemida yobushushu/uxinzelelo oluchaziweyo.
• I-PTFE (i-Polytetrafluoroethylene – F4):Idume ngokumelana nobushushu/ukubanda okugqwesileyo (-250°C ukuya ku-+260°C), iipropati zokunganamatheli, ukungqubana okuphantsi (μ~0.05), kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kweekhemikhali (ukuchasana nee-asidi ezinamandla, ii-alkali, ii-oxidizer). Izibambo ~5MPa umthwalo.
• I-PCTFE (i-Polychlorotrifluoroethylene – F3):Inika amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, uzinzo olulinganayo, akukho manzi abandayo. Ububanzi bobushushu: -195°C ukuya ku +120°C. Ayimelani nee-asidi ezishushu ze-inorganic, izisombululo zetyuwa ebandayo/ii-oxidizer, kunye noninzi lwezinto eziphilayo kwi-RT.
• I-FEP (iPerfluoro(ethylenepropylene) – F46):Idibanisa ubushushu obubanzi (-85°C ukuya ku-+205°C) kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-PTFE (ukuchasa ii-asidi, ii-alkalis, ii-alcohols, ii-ketones). Uxinano oluphakathi, ukuqhuba kobushushu, kunye nokwanda.
• I-Polyamide (i-Nylon 1010 – N1010):Amandla aphezulu okutsalwa, ukuqina kwempembelelo, ukumelana nokukrweleka, kunye nokuzithambisa kwi-RT. Ukungqubana okuphantsi (μ~0.03), uxinano ~1.5g/cm³. Iyamelana nee-acids/alkalis ezibuthathaka, izinyibilikisi eziqhelekileyo, kunye neeoyile.
• I-PPL (i-Para Poly Phenylene):Igqwesile ekumelaneni nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, ukuzithambisa. Ubuninzi ~2g/cm³, ukwanda ~5.1×10⁻⁵/°C, ubunzima ~80HS. Imelana ne-sulfuric acid, i-HF, ii-alkalis ezinamandla. Imelana kakuhle nemitha, ukungqubana μ~0.13.
• PEEK (iPolyetheretherketone):Idibanisa uzinzo olufana nobushushu/ikhemistri olufana ne-thermoset kunye nokukwazi ukuqhubekeka kwe-thermoplastic. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo >240°C (ukuya kuthi ga kwi >300°C egcwele iglasi). Iyamelana nezinyibilikisi ezininzi ezingaphiliyo kunye nokuvezwa ngumphunga ixesha elide (200-260°C).
• I-PI (i-Polyimide):Iplastiki ephucukileyo enobushushu obuphezulu yokusetyenziswa komoya ixesha elide (-240°C ukuya ku-+260°C). I-insulation yombane egqwesileyo, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nemitha, kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Imelana nokunyibilikisa ii-asidi/izinyibilikisi zendalo kwi-RT. Ziphephe ii-oxidizer/ii-asidi ezinamandla kunye nokuntywiliselwa emanzini ixesha elide.
Izixhobo zeSitywino sesinyithi
Ikhethelwe iimeko ezinzima kakhulu: ubulukhuni obuphezulu, umahluko ofanelekileyo wobulukhuni phakathi kobuso, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphuculweyo ngokuqinisa umphezulu.
• Ii-alloys eziqinileyo ezisekelwe kwiChromium (umz., iStellite)
• Ii-Alloys Eziqinileyo Ezisekelwe kwiCobalt (umz., iTribaloy)
• Ii-Nickel Alloys (umz., i-Inconel, i-Hastelloy)
• I-Tungsten Carbide (iWC)
• Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo (umz., 316, 17-4PH, 440C – zihlala ziqiniswe) (Jonga iTheyibhile 1 ukuze uthelekise)
Isiphelo: Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe malunga nezihlalo kunye nezitywino zevalvu yebhola
• Indandatho Yokutywina:Kufuneka ibonakalise uzinzo oluphezulu, i-coefficient ephantsi yokungqubana, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokwaluphala, kunye nokusebenza okubalaseleyo kokutywina.
• Isihlalo seValve:Ifuna amandla aneleyo kunye nokuqina. Uyilo lokucoca lubalulekile ukugcina imo phantsi koxinzelelo. Kufuneka imelane nokuguquguquka.
• Izitulo zesinyithi:Kufuneka inikezele ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu: ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukugqwala okunamandla, iimeko ezibangela ukuvuza. Iimfuno ezibalulekileyo ziquka ukuvuza okungenazo zonke, ubomi obude benkonzo, isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lomlilo (I-API 607/6FA), kunye nokumelana okubalaseleyo koxinzelelo/ukurhawuzelelwa.
Hlola iPremiumIvalvu yeBholaIzisombululo Ezenzelwe Iinkqubo Zakho Ezinzima.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-12-2025