Iibhola zeValve: Eyona Nto iLungileyo yokusebenza kweValve yeBhola

Zithini iiValve Balls?

Icandelo eliphambili leivalvu yebholayibhola yevalvu (okanye i-ball valve sphere). Uyilo lwayo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwevalvu yokutywina, amandla okulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nobomi benkonzo.

Imilo kunye nokuchaneka:

Iibhola eziqhelekileyo zinemizobo ye-full-bore okanye i-reduced-bore. Ibhola ye-full-bore inobubanzi be-bore obuhambelana nobubanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho (umz., ibhola ye-2 Inch ine-2 Inch bore), ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi okuphantse kube zero. Ukuchaneka komatshini kufuneka kufikelele kwinqanaba le-IT6-IT7 (ngokwe-ISO 286), kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu obuyi-≤0.8μm (Ra) ukunciphisa ukuguguleka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Indima yeeValve Balls

Iibhola zevalvu zezona zinto ziphambili zokutywina kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwevalvu yebhola. Ukujikeleza ibhola ngama-90 degrees kuvula okanye kuvala indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi. Ukuchaneka komphezulu wazo kunye nokuqina kwezinto kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvalekeni okuqinileyo kokuvuza kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Izixhobo zeBhola yeValve

Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo (304/316):

Inika ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini eekhemikhali, e-petrochemical, kunye ne-processing food.

Intsimbi yeCarbon eneNickel Plating:

Isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu esibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphakathi lokugqwala, esisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi.

I-ceramic (umz., i-Alumina, i-Zirconia):

Inika ukumelana okungaqhelekanga nokukrweleka, ukugqwala, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200°C), kodwa ibonakalisa ukuphuka okuphezulu (bhekisa kwi "Valve Engineering Handbooks"). Ifanelekile kwiinkonzo zokulunywa okuqatha kunye neenkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu.

Iintlobo zeeValve Balls

Ibhola ye-O-Port:

Ibhola eqhelekileyo engqukuva enembobo esisilinda, esetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezininzi zebhola ezidadayo neziqinileyo.

Ibhola ye-V-Port:

Inesitshi esimile okwe-V kwibhore, nto leyo evumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kwamanzi (oluphawulwa yipesenti elinganayo yokuhamba kwamanzi), esetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiivalvu zebhola ze-V-port.

Ibhola yeC-Port:

Ibhorethi imile okwe-"C", isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezithile zeechweba ezininzi.

Ibhola ye-U-Port:

Imbobo imile okwe-"U", isetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezinamazibuko amaninzi kwiimfuno ezithile zokuphambuka kokuhamba kwamanzi.

Ibhola Elidadayo:

Ibhola ayibotshelelwanga ngoomatshini kwisiqu kwaye ixhomekeke kuxinzelelo olusezantsi ukuze iyinyanzele kwisihlalo ukuze ivalwe. Ixhaphakile ngobukhulu obuncinci.

Ibhola efakwe kwiTrunnion (eQinisekisiweyo):

Ibhola ixhaswa ziibheringi ze-trunnion phezulu nasezantsi, nto leyo enciphisa i-torque yokusebenza kunye nomthwalo wesihlalo, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswe uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobubanzi obukhulu.

Iibhola Ezineendlela Ezintathu:

Ibhola ye-T-Port:

Iqondisa ukuhamba phakathi kwazo naziphi na iizibuko ezimbini okanye ingavala konke ukuhamba.

Ibhola ye-L-Port:

Iqhagamshela i-port ephakathi kwenye yezi zimbini ezisecaleni kodwa ingaqhagamsheli zonke ezintathu ngaxeshanye.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Iibhola eziqinileyo vs. ezingenanto

Abanye abavelisi, ingakumbi eTshayina, bavelisa iibhola zeevalvu ezingenanto ngokukodwa njengendlela yokonga imali.

Iibhola ezingenanto zinomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu woxinzelelo ngenxa yesithuba sazo sangaphakathi kwaye azihambelani neemfuno zoyilo lwe-API 6D (iiValve zePipeline).

Abasebenzi bokuthenga nokuhlola kufuneka baqinisekise ngokucacileyo kumenzi ukuba iibhola zeevalvu ezibonelelweyo ziqinile okanye zingenanto. Ukusebenzisa iibhola ezingenanto kwiindawo zoxinzelelo kuyingozi enkulu yokhuseleko.

Umatshini wokugaya ibhola yevalvu kunye nonyango lomphezulu

Ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni bebhola yevalvu, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalvu, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka, unyango olukhethekileyo lomphezulu (iingubo) luhlala lusetyenziswa:

Ukulungisa izinto eziqinileyo:

Iindlela ezifana neStellite overlay (umz., iStellite 6, 21), ii-NiCrBSi alloys (umz., iNi60), okanye i-Tungsten Carbide (WC) coatings ziyandisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokurhawuzelelwa.

Ii-alloys ze-Chrome eziphezulu:

Iingubo ezifana ne-13Cr zibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala kunye nokukhukuliseka okuphuculweyo.

Ukugaya nokuleqa ngokuchanekileyo (ukufaka emva kokufaka i-coating ukuba ifakiwe) kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe ukugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo (Ra ≤0.8μm) kunye nobubanzi ukuze kutywinwe kakuhle.

Ukusebenzisana kweBhola yeValve nezinye izinto (Izihlalo zeValve)

Ukusebenza kwevalvu yebhola kuxhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwebhola yevalvu, izihlalo kunye nesiqu.

Iinkqubo zokutywina iibhola zevalvu kunye nezihlalo

Izitulo Ezithambileyo (i-PTFE/i-Elastomers ezifana ne-NBR, i-EPDM):

Ifikelela kumazinga aphantsi kakhulu okuvuza (≤10⁻⁶ m³/s, ISO 5208 Class A).

Ubushushu obulinganiselweyo (ngesiqhelo ≤200°C).

Ilungele ukuvalwa okuqinileyo kwiinkonzo ezicocekileyo.

Izitulo zeSinyithi (umz., iStellite, i-316SS, i-Hardfaced):

Ifanelekile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-540°C+) kunye neenkonzo zokurhawuzelela/zokugqwala.

Izinga lokuvuza lokuqala liphezulu kunezihlalo ezithambileyo kodwa linokufikelela ekuvuzeni okuphantsi (iClass B/C/D) emva kokuqengqeleka ngokuchanekileyo kwebhola kunye nesihlalo ukuya ekugqityweni okucokisekileyo kakhulu (Ra ≤0.4μm).

Kubalulekile kwizicelo ezikhuselekileyo emlilweni.

Iibhola zeValve kwiiValve zeBhola eziPhakathiswayo kunye neTrunnion

Indlela yokuxhasa ibhola ichaza iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zevalvu:

Iivalvu zeBhola ezidadayo (Ngokwesiqhelo ≤DN200):

Ibhola ikhululekile ukuba idada kancinci ezantsi komlambo. Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lutyhala ibhola kwisihlalo esisezantsi komlambo ukuze kwenze isitywino.

I-torque yokusebenza ephantsi (umz., ≤50N·m kwi-DN100 nge-API 6D yokubala nganye).

Umda: Uthambekele ekubeni nesihlalo esinzima kakhulu kwaye "ube nokuxinana" xa uphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu; ngokubanzi ulinganiselwe kumanqaku e-PN40 (Class 300).

Iivalvu zeBhola eziQokelelweyo zeTrunnion (Zengcinezelo Ephezulu kunye neBore Enkulu):

Ibhola inamathele kwiibheringi ze-trunnion. Izihlalo zifakwe i-spring-loaded kwaye zixinzelelwe ebholeni.

Ibonelela ngokutywinwa okuthembekileyo kakhulu, i-torque yokusebenza ephantsi kakhulu (ingakumbi kwiisayizi ezinkulu), kwaye ifanelekile kwiingcinezelo eziphezulu kakhulu (PN100 / Class 600 nangaphezulu).

Indlela Eqhelekileyo Yokusetyenziswa: Imibhobho yeoyile negesi ebalulekileyo (umz., iivalvu ze-DN300 trunnion ezilinganiswe kwi-10MPa ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neWest-East Gas Pipeline).

Iibhola zeValve kwiiValve zeBall eziHlaliswe ngentsimbi kunye neeValve zeBall eziHlaliswe ngeThamba

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zebhola kunye nonyango lomphezulu kunxulumene kakhulu nohlobo lwesihlalo:

Iivalvu Ezihlala Ezithambileyo:

Sebenzisa rhoqo iibhola zentsimbi engagqwaliyo (304/316). Isihlalo esithambileyo sihambelana lula nomphezulu webhola.

Iivalvu Ezihlala Ngesinyithi:

Kufuneka iibhola eziqinileyo (umz., ngokusebenzisa ubuso obuqinileyo obufana neStellite okanye iWC) ukuze zimelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuxinana kunye nokukrala kwisihlalo sesinyithi esiqinileyo ngokulinganayo. Ukulinganisa umphezulu ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile.

Uthelekiso lweDatha yeZicelo zoShishino

Ukugcinwa: Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Zomonakalo Webhola

Ubunzulu bokukrwela >0.1mm:

Ibonisa umonakalo omkhulu womphezulu ophazamisa ukutywinwa; ukutshintshwa kwebhola kuyimfuneko (ngokwesikhokelo se-ASME B16.34).

Ukwanda kweTorque yokusebenza >20%:

Ibonisa ukuqina/ukuguquka kwesihlalo, ukungqubana okugqithisileyo, okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwebhola okufuna uphando.

Isiphelo: Uphahla Lokusebenza

Uyilo, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kunye nokuchaneka kokwenziwa kwebhola yevalvu ngokusisiseko kuchaza imida yokusebenza ("isilingi") yayo nayiphi na ivalvu yebhola. Ukususela ekukhetheni i-alloy efanelekileyo kunye nokwaleka ukuya ekuyidibaniseni nenkqubo yokutywina echanekileyo, inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka lihambelane kakuhle neemeko ezithile zenkonzo. Nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kumgangatho webhola okanye ukuhambelana kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwevalvu ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukutyala imali kwiibhola zevalvu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nobomi obude kwizicelo ezifuna amandla.